The Free Market and European Union Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3031 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? European Union (EU) legislation and the case law of the Court of justice (CJEU) attempt to ensure the free movement of goods within the internal market. In order to assess how well it ensures the free movement of goods, it is first necessary to identify what is meant by an internal market within the EU. Moreover, it is essential to ascertain how Treaty Articles, as well as, case law, regulate the EU as a customs union, since sometimes charges on imports and exports, within the internal market, may introduce restrictions to the free movement of goods. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Free Market and European Union Law" essay for you Create order Finally, it is indispensable to pinpoint, how Treaty Articles and case law from the CJEU regulate quantitative restrictions on the free movement of goods within the union, due to the fact that quotas or even complete bans are restrictions to the free movement of goods. WHAT IS AN INTERNAL MARKET It is stated in Article 3(3) of the Treaty on the European Union (TEU) that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the union shall establish an internal marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The internal market is defined under Article 26(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).[1] Using a purposive approach to interpret this Treaty Article, it can be deduced that its aim is to achieve the free circulation of goods without the imposition of any restrictions within the Union. HOW TREATIES AND CASE LAW REGULATE THE EU CUSTOMS UNION à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It can be understood from Articles 26 and 28-32 of the TFEU that a customs union exists within the EU. This is because the EU has a common external ta riff, in addition to a free trade area.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] Article 30 TFEU restricts MS from imposing any custom duties on imports and exports, and any charges having an equivalent effect (CHEE). It also states that it covers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all trade in goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [3]The CJEU added clarity to the Treaty Article by providing a definition for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . They were defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“products with monetary value and which are capable of forming the subject of commercial transactions.[4] A customs duty is comprised of two defining elements. To begin with, it is a pecuniary charge. Secondly, it is imposed on goods as a consequence of them crossing a border. It must be mentioned that custom duties can never be justified, due to the fact that they are a clear violation of Article 30. The prohibition of custom duties is a clear example of the EU ensuring the free movement of goods by using legislation in collaboration with case law from the CJEU. It has been provided by the CJEU that a duty may be classed as a CHEE, provided that it meets certain criteria: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“(a) it must be enforced unilaterally at the time of importation (b) it must be imposed only on a specific product which is imported from other MS whilst excluding such duties on similar domestic products; and (c) it must have the consequence of altering the price of the product.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] These criteria were further developed by the CJEU to include à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“any pecuniary charge, however smallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[6] Thus, it can be construed that there is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“no de minimis principle in relation to the Treaty articles relating to the free movement of goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[7] Consequently, it can be argued that the EU safeguards the free movement of goods to a great extent, by restricting even the smallest CHEE. The CJEU has established its own set of rules on when charges can be made lawfully for services performed. An exam ple of such rules derived from rulings of the CJEU, was the one established in the case of Bresciani, where the rule that veterinary checks and charges implemented as a service are acceptable, was established. [8] Hence, the EU provides MS with some flexibility on when charges are justifiable, providing their primary motive is not the restriction of free movement of goods. The TFEU provides guidelines for taxes being placed on goods originating from other MS. The CJEU established that Article 90 EC (now 110 of the TFEU) was to have direct effect, and is an essential foundation of the Common Market. [9] Article 110 does not prohibit MS from imposing national taxation, however, it prohibits taxation that is deemed to discriminate between national products and imported products from other MS, either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, Article 110 prohibits MS from imposing internal taxations on imports in order to indirectly protect other products.[10] Further clarity to Article 11 0 was provided by the CJEU in Commission v France (Reprographic Machines), where the court provided a definition for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“taxationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It was defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a general system of internal dues applied systematically and in accordance with the same criteria to domestic products and imported products alikeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [11] This is a clear example of how EU legislation and the CJEU ensure the free movement of goods. As abovementioned, Article 110 covers both direct and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination is where nationally produced goods and imported goods, of a similar nature, are deliberately treated differently. Whereas indirect discrimination, ostensibly treats domestic and imported goods in the same way, however, the result is that imports are, in actual fact, disadvantaged. An example where the CJEU outlawed indirect discrimination was in the case of Humbolt v Directeur des Services Fiscaux.[12] In this case, the French system o f annual vehicle taxation, charged cars with lower power ratings with a lower tax than those with higher power ratings. Since France did not produce higher power rating cars, the French taxation methods were deemed to be a type of indirect discrimination. By catching both types of discrimination, this indicates that the EU ensures the free movement of goods by providing a wide scope for Article 110. It could be argued that, if Article 110 also prohibited MS from imposing national taxation, it would resolve all issues with regard to discriminatory taxation. However, MS are not willing to give up their sovereignty, thus, harmonization of internal taxations may actually be impossible. HOW TREATY ARTICLES AND CASE LAW REGULATE QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS WITHIN THE INTERNAL MARKET Barriers to trade that do not involve direct payments of money, are referred to as quantitative restrictions. Articles 34-35 of the TFEU restrict MS from imposing quantitative restrictions on imports an d exports respectively. They also restrict MS from applying any measures having an equivalent effect (MHEE) on imports or exports. However, since restricting the free movement of exports is not a common occurrence, this essay will focus on Article 34 which regulates restrictions on imports. When it comes to identifying the scope of Article 34 of the TFEU, the CJEU has determined that it is directly effective, but only vertically against measures adopted by the state.[13] In some instances, the CJEU may be prepared to find that it also applies to private bodies where there is a substantial degree of state involvement or funding. This was certainly the case in Commission v Ireland (Buy Irish).[14] A campaign promoting domestically produced goods administered by the Irish Goods Council, but heavily subsidised by the government, was held to fall within the scope of Article 34 of the TFEU. This exemplifies the extent of Article 34, illustrating that the EU strives to achieve free move ment of goods in both public and private sectors of an economy. Similar to custom duties, quantitative restrictions are easy to identify. The CJEU clarified Article 34 of the TFEU by defining the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“quantitative restrictionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“measures that amount to a total or partial restraint of imports, exports or goods in transità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[15] Thus, illustrating that Articles 34 and 35 cover not only complete bans, but also quotas, showing that the EU attempts to ensure, not just partial, but complete free movement of goods. Measures having equivalent effect (MHEE) are harder to identify. However, clarifications are provided by secondary legislation and the jurisprudence of the CJEU. In the case of Dassonvile, the CJEU defined MHEE as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“all trading rules enacted by Member States which are capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, intra-Community trade.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [16] This definition is exceedingly wide in scope, meaning that any measure which is capable of hindering imports or exports in any way will be caught by Article 34 or 35 of the TFEU. Tim Connor characterizes this definition as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a potential weapon of mass destructionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[17] This is because there existed an accumulating trend of persons involved in trade, calling upon Article 34 of the TFEU to challenge any rules which interfered with their commercial freedom.[18] Directive 70/50, even though now has expired, contains useful guidance on the scope of MHEE. The Directive recognises two classifications of MHEE. First under Article 2, it makes reference to measures which apply differently to domestic and imported goods. These measures are referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“distinctly applicable measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  due to the distinction made between domestically produced goods and imports. Secondly, under Article 3 the directive makes reference to measures that make no distinction be tween imported and domestic products. These measures are referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“indistinctly applicable measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and may sometimes fall within the scope of Articles 34 and 35 of the TFEU. [19] The CJEU added the fundamental principle of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mutual recognitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to the free movement of goods in the case of Cassis de Dijon.[20] This principle provides that goods that are lawfully produced and marketed in one MS, should face no restrictions when being introduced into another MS. This is an example of the CJEU and its jurisprudence ensuring the free movement of goods within the internal market. EXCEPTIONS TO PROHIBITIONS OF QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS AND MHEE Article 36 of the TFEU provides certain criteria where applying directly discriminatory quantitative restrictions may be acceptable. Such criteria include à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“public morality, public policy or public security; the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants; the protection of national treasures possessing artistic, historic or archaeological value; or the protection of industrial and commercial propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[21] However, Article 36 goes further and states that the aforementioned justifications are subject to limitations. It states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“such prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [22] Therefore, once again illustrating that even though MS are given certain leeway, the EU imposes restrictions to the derogations in order to ensure the free movement of goods. The aforementioned assumption of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mutual recognitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  will sometimes be set aside if the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“rule of reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  applies. It is provided by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“rule of reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  that barriers to trade resulting from product marketing provisions, that differ from those which apply in another MS, may be permissible so long as they satisfy one of the mandatory requirements. Mandatory requirements were listed in Cassis de Dijon by the CJEU as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the effectiveness of fiscal supervision, the protection of public health, the fairness of consumer transaction and the defence of the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[23] On the other hand, this is a non-exhaustive list. The CJEU is prepared to accept other measures and interests which deserve protection being classed as mandatory requirements. An example of an additional measure which was accepted, was environmental grounds in the case of Commission v Denmark (Disposable Beer Cans).[24] It could be argued here, that this additional measure places a restriction on the free circulation of goods within the internal market. This is due to the fact that imported products would have to comply with Denmarkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product marketing provisions in order for them to enter the Danish market. However, as characterised by Niamh Nic Shuibhne, justifications to the restrictions of free movement of goods are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an evolving frameworkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [25] Since environmental issues are of ever-growing societal concern, the CJEU has adapted to this by accepting environmental protection as a justification to MHEE. Taking a synoptic view, it could be argued that the CJEU, in such circumstances, places restrictions on the free movement of goods instead of ensuring it. As abovementioned, there existed an ever-growing tendency of trades calling upon Article 34 as a way of challenging any rules which contravened with their everyday commercial transactions. Such claims may have not even restricted the free movement of goods. Thus, the court considered the re-examination of case law, would be necessary to clarify the law concerning this matter, in order to limit the flow of unnecessary cases. Cases which came after Cassis uncovered a distinction separating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… “indistinctly applicable measuresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  into two categories. To begin with, there are rules which relate to goods themselves, known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dual burdenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  rules. [26] The second set of rules, are concerned with the marketing of products. These are called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equal burdenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  rules. This because they impose the same burden (equal) on national and imported goods. This was articulated in the case Keck and Mithouard. In this case, Keck and Mithouard were prosecuted for breaking French competition law due to the fact that they were reselling goods at a loss. They had tried to use Article 34 as a defence, stating that this restricted the free movement of goods. However, the CJEU recognised that French legislation had restricted the total volume of sales. It added by stating that national efforts to prevent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“selling arrangementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  do not fall within the Dassonville formula for MHEE, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“provide d that those provisions apply to all affected traders operating within the national territory and provided that they affect in the same manner, in law and in fact, the marketing of domestic products and of those from other Member Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[27] Provisions like these do not hinder market access for imports any more than they do for nationally produced goods, thus they fall outside of the scope of Article 34. However, even though they do not hinder market access to imports, it could be argued that this acts as an indirect discrimination on imports. This is due to the fact that national rules imposing a hypothetical, equal burden on imports and exports, nevertheless have a differential impact on each of them. Thus, creating uncertainty in the law. This was articulated by Advocate General Jacobs, where he stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the effect of the Keck judgement is still uncertain.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [28] Consequently, it can be construed that the CJEU justifies the discriminatory restrictions to the free movement of goods, thus, not ensuring the free movement of goods. On the other hand, it must be acknowledged that Keck only applies to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“selling arrangementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  such as, the opening hours of shops, [29]the types of retail stores that can sell certain types of goods, [30] as well as product advertising[31] but not to product characteristics. However, as aforementioned Keck specifies that a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“selling arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  will only be able to escape Article 34 if it applies to all traders that are affected in the nation. Thus, it could be argued that the EU, even though, it provides exceptions to the enforcement of Article 34, it places further restrictions on those exceptions, ensuring the free movement of goods. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it can be deduced that the EU does what it can in order to ensure the free movement of goods, whether it be through the passing of EU legislation, or through the jurispr udence of the CJEU. In 2013 intra-community trade was much higher than the level of exports to non-EU members.[32] This, gives the impression that a free circulation of goods is ensured within the internal market. On the other hand, cases concerning MS restricting the free movement of goods are still rising, giving the impression that a unified market still faces many obstacles. However the CJEU in coordination with EU legislation will overturn the situation and penalize those in breach of an EU fundamental principle, thus ensuring the free movement of goods. BIBLIOGRAPHY Connor T, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Accentuating the Positive: The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Selling Arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , The First Decade, and Beyondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2005) 54 International Comparative Law Quarterly 127 European Commission, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Free Movement of Goods Guide to the Application of Treaty Provisions Governing the Free Movement of Goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2010] Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ , Free Trade Is a Source of Economic Growth (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2013) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Eurostat- Statistics Explainedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Eurostat) https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/International_trade_in_goods#Intra-EU_trade Foster N, EU Law Directions (Oxford University Press 2012) Nic Shuibhne N, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Free Movement of Goods and Article 28 ECÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯: An Evolving Frameworkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) 27 European Law Review 408 Weatherill S, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2009) 58 International Comparative Law Quarterly 985 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Westlaw UK Online Legal Research from Sweet Maxwellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Westlaw UK) https://legalresearch.westlaw.co.uk/ [1] Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2008] Article 26(2) [2] Nigel Foster, EU Law Directions (Oxford University Press 2012) 264. [3] Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2008] Article 30 [4] Case 7/68 Commission v Italy (Art Treasures) ECR 423 [5] Case 2-3/62 Commission v Luxembourg Belgium (Gingerbread) [1963] C.M.L.R. 199; [1962] 8 Recueil 813. [6] Case 24/68 Commission v Italy (Statistical Levy) [1969] ECR 193 [7] European Commission, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Free Movement of Goods Guide to the Application of Treaty Provisions Governing the Free Movement of Goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2010] Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 11. [8] Case 87/75 Bresciani [1976] ECR 129 [9] Case 57/65 Alfons LÃÆ' ¼tticke GmbH v Hauptzollamt Sarrelouis [1966] ECR 205 [10] Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2008] Article 110 [11] C ase 90/79 Commission v France (Reprographic Machines) [1981] ECR 283 [12] Case 112/84 Humbolt v Directeur des Services Fiscaux [1985] ECR 1367 [13] Case 74/76 Ianelli and Volpi SpA v Meroni [1977] ECR 557 [14] Case 249/81 Commission v Ireland (Buy Irish) [1982] ECR 4005 [15] Case 2/73 Geddo v Ente Nazionale Risi [1974] ECR 865 [16] Case 8/74 Procureur du Roi v Dassonville [1974] ECR 837 [17] Tim Connor, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Accentuating the Positive: The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Selling Arrangementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , The First Decade, and Beyondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2005) 54 International Comparative Law Quarterly 127, 3. [18] European Commission (n 5) 12. [19] Commission Directive 1970/50/EEC 22 December 1969 based on the provisions of Article 33 (7), on the abolition of measures which have an effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions on imports and are not covered by other provisions adopted in pursuance of the EEC Treaty[1970] OJ L13/29 [20] Case 120/78 Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonpolverwaltung fur Brantwein (Cassis de Dijon) [1979] ECR 649 [21] Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2008] Article 36 [22] ibid [23] Case 120/78 Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonpolverwaltung fur Brantwein (Cassis de Dijon) [1979] ECR 649 [24] Case 302/86 Commission v Denmark (Disposable Beer Cans) [1988] ECR 4607 [25] Niamh Nic Shuibhne, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Free Movement of Goods and Article 28 ECÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯: An Evolving Frameworkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2002) 27 European Law Review 408, 9. [26] Case 261/81 Walter Rau Lebensmittelwerke v De Smedt PVBA (Margarine) [1982] ECR 3961 [27] Cases 267-268/91 Keck and Mithuard [1993] ECR 6097 [28] Case 412/93 SociÃÆ' ©tÃÆ' © dImportation Edouard Leclerc-Siplec v TF1 PublicitÃÆ' © SA and M6 PublicitÃÆ' © SA [1995] ECR 179 [29] Cases 401-402/92 Tankstation t Heukske vof and J. B. E. Boermans [1994] ECR 2199 [30] Case 391/92 Commission v Greece [1995] ECR 1621 [31] Cases 34-36/95 Konsumentombudsmannen (KO) v De Agostini (Svenska) FÃÆ' ¶rlag AB [1997] ECR 3843 [32] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Eurostat- Statistics Explainedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Eurostat) https://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/International_trade_in_goods#Intra-EU_trade.

What Does Mental Illness Look Like - 1781 Words

What does mental illness look like? Is it the â€Å"weird† kid at school that everyone bullies? Or maybe the latest hair-raising movie about a psycho killer? Mental illness is constantly construed and made to seem dangerous, unnatural, and sickening. Mental illness, as defined by Mayo Clinic, is simply a â€Å"disorder that affects your mood, thinking, and behavior†(Hall-Flavin). These people, who live with mental health issues, including one out of ten teens and one out of five adults, are often treated as if they are outcasts or different(Mental Health Myths and Facts.). From uncharged jailing to not being able to choose what is best for them to plain everyday interaction, persons with mental illness are ostracized and treated unfairly. As a†¦show more content†¦One change that needs to be made for the imprisoned with mental illnesses is to include a mental health wing in our jails. Along with a separate wing, the officers of the institution would need proper training in understanding and helping people who are mentally ill. Similar to this, a prison in Indiana partnered with the Indiana chapter of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) to test a mental illness training routine for the officers of the prisons control unit (). The officers completed a ten hour training schedule over the course of five weeks and were monitored after it was completed for nine months(). The study shows that in the nine months after the training the number of occasions where the officers used force against the inmates and the inmates retaliation deceased considerably(). This proves having officers receive minimal mental health training would lead them to understand why these persons might act out and how to prevent it. It would also improve the inmates quality of life by being understood and greatly enhance the state of mind of these casualties of the system. When persons with mental health issues are released, they are likely to be in trouble with t he law again and again since they do not know how to live on their own(). By changing this cycle and adding the mental health wing, we can prevent them from being overlooked and help them before it is too late. To fully preserve persons with mental illnesses rights and enable them toShow MoreRelatedMental Health And Mental Illness1314 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding mental health is a very complex concept. The antiquity of mental illness and madness tells two common and defective definitions of mental health. The first, that mental health is the absence of mental illness, while the second that mental health is a state of well-being (Tudor, 1995). The fact that both definitions are reductive and the same word mental health is used to mean mental illness added more confusion to such term. However, it is important to know what really is mental health andRead MoreMental Health is Working on Issues that have Roots in the Mind542 Words   |  3 Pagesaspects of mental health that sh ould be considered when working in the field of social work. One major aspect of mental illness the personal definition of mental illness, because it impacts any biases that may be held. Personal biases shape reactions and may impact the success of treatment if a client falls within the biases. There is also the impact of how society views mental illness also can stop those who have mental illness from receiving the support they need. When thinking about mental healthRead MoreThe Myth Of Mental Illness957 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1961 Thomas Szasz penned a book by the title The Myth of Mental Illness that would go on to cause quite the stir in the world of psychiatry. In the book, Szasz stated his belief that what most psychiatrists would label as mental illnesses are in fact not illnesses at all, but instead what he would go on to call â€Å"problems in living.† This article will take a critical approach at Szasz reasons for his belief in these â€Å"problems in living† including an objective outline of his argument, a discussionRead MoreMental Illness : The World Of Sexually Transmitted Disease1266 Words   |  6 Pagesperfectly explains why â€Å"43.8 million (American) adults experience mental illness in a given year† (â€Å"Mental Health By the Numbers†). Mental illness is something not to take lightly. In my personal experience, mental illness can be life-changing. My older siste r suffered from serious depression, and still suffers from anxiety. To find out how many levels of psychiatric symptoms I have and what that means to society and people like me, I tested on a set of symptoms suggested by Walter Gove and MichaelRead MoreMovie Analysis : Buck 942 Words   |  4 PagesBuck uncovers the debilitating effects mental illness can have on a family. This is evident as the reader witnesses what MK, the protagonist must deal with his mother’s mental instability and the impact her hospitalization has on the family. The novel mirrors the beliefs and attitudes concerning mental illness, forces one to reflect and empathize with the family’s issues. The theme of mental illness in Buck, like real life, exposes the impact of mental illness within the black community and moreRead MoreThe Psychology Of Mental Illness1177 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to mental illness, I have the point of view of someone who is training to be a health care professional. During my past clinical experience as a nursing student at t he Alberta Hospital Edmonton, I was immersed in an environment filled with individuals who were acutely mentally ill, and two of these individuals were my patients. While â€Å"The Sociology of Mental Illness† is an excellent source of information about mental illness in the context of sociology, based on my experience at AlbertaRead MoreWhat Is Mental Illness?1380 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Mental Illness? In my essay, I will be looking to answer this deceptively simple question by exploring various avenues, mainly making a comparison both the medical and philosophical differences. I will attempt to first make a distinct definition of what mental illness is as a medical term, defining exactly what it is, how it affects us and people around us. I believe this is an important definition to make as it allows us to better understand mental illness in medicine, mainly how it affectsRead MoreEssay On Girl Interrupted1394 Words   |  6 Pages1993 and continues to have an impact due to its descriptions of mental illness. By analyzing the memoirist’s descriptions of her time spent hospitalized and her perspective on these experiences, it is evident that Susanna Kaysen’s purpose with â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† is to seek awareness of mental illness thus categorizing the work as an autopathography. First of all, Kaysen fulfills her purpose of showing readers what life is like in a mental institution by realistically describing Mclean’s different patientsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Girl Interrupted 1252 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the struggle of coming to terms with mental health and overcoming personal obstacles to allow treatment and support. While the main character Susanna Kaysen stays in the Claymoore psychiatric hospital, she is introduced to a whole new world, one where she is forced to confront the fact that she has a mental illness and needs professional help. The film begins with Susanna and the other girls from the hospital sitting in somber silence, in what appear to be a wet and dark room just as theRead MoreA Perfect Day For Bananfish By Jerome Salinger1502 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped mental issues since returning home and these issues are shown through Seymour’s longing for isolation throughout the story. The unusual part of this fictional tale is the fact that many aspects of Seymour’s life reflect the authors. â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish† does not just inform the audience of the severity of an unknown mental illness, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD, but it almost acts as Salinger’s way to express his true emotion about life. PTSD is a mental illness that affects

Benefits of Outsourcing in Supply Chain Management free essay sample

Supply chain management is a horizontal process that crosses the company and spans countries in scope. Time, distance and the nuances of operating in a vertical organization are challenges. Therefore identifying needs and problems requires that the process itself must be addressed and how outsourcing improves the overall process. Outsourcing focuses on business process outsourcing. Supply chain outsourcing will be divided along the lines of key needs and focuses on business process outsourcing (BPO). Supply chain BPO will be an active part as firms move to compress time and increase inventory velocity. Supply chain outsourcing can help an organization build a responsive, integrated supply chain that operates in real-time with suppliers, partners and customers,  a highly complex proposition that requires a unique combination of consulting, technology and services skills. Supply Chain Management offers an organization the opportunity to outsource supply chain while continuing to focus on its innovations and core competencies. The outsourcing transformation will lead to competitive advantages and to increased company and shareholder value. What Is Outsourcing? The term outsourcing did not enter the English-speaking lexicon until the 1980s and has since become a popular political topic of debate, especially during election years. Although a precise definition of the term outsourcing has yet to be agreed upon, many people view the following as the universal definition: â€Å"the contracting with a third party service provider, usually another company or person, to provide services or a particular function that might otherwise be performed by in-house employees of the business. In other words outsourcing is the contracting out of a business function to an external provider by entering a contractual agreement involving an exchange of services and payments for the function. Many people believe that outsourcing is a recent phenomenon, but it has actually been in as existence as long as work specialization has existed. Almost all companies have been known to use some form of outsourcing in one way or another. Typically, the function or functions a company chooses to outsource are those that are considered to be non-core to the business itself. Functions that require specialized skills that are unavailable to the open market are also commonly outsourced with a third party provider. III. Important Processes Relating to Outsourcing Recently many terms have developed that revolve around outsourcing and an explanation of these terms is needed to get a full understanding of outsourcing and what it entails. The most popular of these terms is offshore outsourcing, which is the practice of hiring an external organization to perform some business functions in a country other than the one where the product or services are actually developed and manufactured. Offshore outsourcing can be can be contrasted with offshoring, in which the functions being outsourced are performed in a foreign country by a foreign subsidiary. In addition, several related terms have emerged to grasp various aspects of the complex relationship between economic organizations or networks, such as nearshoring, multisourcing, and strategic outsourcing. Nearshoring, also known as nearshore outsourcing, has become competitive with outsourcing. Since the recent rise of fuel costs it has been expensive to outsource to far areas and many businesses have instead been sourcing service activities to a relatively close in distance, lower-wage, foreign country. By shifting work to a lower cost organization within a business’s region value is added by the flexibility, quality improvement, cost reduction, and enhanced commitment to core business. Multisourcing was first introduced in 2005 by the market/technology research firm, Gartner. It is a blending of business and information technology services from the optimal set of internal and external providers in the process of achieving business goals. In other words, it is a strategy that treats a given function as an array of activities, some of these which should be outsourced and others that should be performed by internal staff. Although the term may apply to any business area, it is most commonly used within the context of information technology. Strategic outsourcing allows not only the transfer or control to an outsider, but also the method of manufacture, allowing the use of a different technology or process. A company that uses strategic outsourcing may choose to transfer an entire product, product line, or an entire plant to gain strategic value. Overall the concept is the same as outsourcing, but goes more in depth with its definition. IV. Advantages of Outsourcing Almost every organization outsources in some way. Before jumping headfirst into outsourcing an organization must be aware of the impact it will have on the business itself. In order to find out if outsourcing is the right move and will provide a positive outcome, both the advantages and disadvantages must be taken into consideration. The advantages can be divided into two types; direct benefits and indirect benefits. The direct benefits are those which have an immediate impact and the indirect benefits are those in which outsourcing has impacted the processes remaining in house. A. Focus on Core Competency – (Direct) As mentioned before the whole purpose revolving around outsourcing is to allow a company to redirect their resources to focus on its main core functions. In rapid growth periods, the back-office operations of a company will also expand. This expansion may start to consume human and financial resources at the expense of the core activities that have lead to the organization’s success. Outsourcing allows the entire focus to be on those business activities that are important, without sacrificing quality or service in the back-office. This kind of focus can only improve the core functions. Since an in house employee has a better knowledge of the company and its business, the allocation of time solely to these core functions can only lead to a superior product with ever increasing improvements in accuracy, services, and quality. By hiring an outside third party to complete tasks that are not related to the company’s core competencies, it is more likely that those tasks involving the core competencies will be completed accurately and efficiently. In a complex working environment, a daily list of things to accomplish can be long and scattered throughout the organization. By outsourcing particular functions a company allows employees to perform one specific task. They are more likely to do a better job of completing this task in a timely, accurate manner. Outsourcing manufacturing and logistics greatly improves services by shortening cycle times and speed time to the market. When an organization is able to tap into capabilities that are not internally available to them, they can increase their schedule flexibility and resource availability, which in the end will result in a reduced time to the market. Third party logistics receive and store raw materials or finished inventory, consume inventory in the production process, produce finished goods, and ship finished goods to customers. By improving inventory visibility, accountability, and provide on-time delivery a higher level of customer satisfaction can be reached. Many companies that have used outsourcing found that it not only reduces overhead, but also improves the quality provided. Quality improvement can be attributed to the fact that outsourcing providers running volume operations have better quality assurance programs in place than those organizations still doing it in-house. The mass in a particular discipline llows them to develop reliable processes including quality control. The results from this are less damage, less rework, improved response time, and greater inventory accuracy, which overall lead to an improvement in quality. B. Cost Savings (Direct) One of the primary reasons that businesses look into outsourcing non-core functions is the reduction in costs. Since the costs associated with an in-house employee always prove to be significantly higher than the cost of an outside service provider out sourcing can help cut operational costs to more than half. Reductions in the cost of manufacturing and logistics services, reduction in head count of hourly workers and management, and the reduced capital investment and increased case flow are all positive cost saving factors resulting from outsourcing. By outsourcing manufacturing, logistics, or both it allows an organization to consolidate its operations. The organization no longer will have to maintain factories or distribution centers and frees it up of the responsibility for physical plants and personnel related to these functions. Therefore the manufacturing and logistics costs are lower and since the vendor might by providing a shared service, the company will not be paying for under-utilized capacity, which in turn will lower the inventory-carrying cost. Overall outsourcing can lead to a huge reduction in cost of manufacturing and logistic services. In today’s recent economic recession it is hard to swallow the fact that downsizing, mergers, acquisitions, and eliminations of products lines are actually beneficial to a company’s success. By doing these things a company becomes streamlined and lean in the marketplace. When an organization chooses to outsource they aren’t cutting the number of employees in a department, but instead entire departments that do not help maintain and grow the company’s core competencies. This means those departments that are responsible for maintaining and growing the company’s core competencies do not lose their valuable personnel but instead are given a greater opportunity for growth now that the core competency is their profession. By eliminating these departments and their workers the costs revolving around them are also eliminated, once again proving that outsourcing can lead to an increase in cash flow. Once the processes resulting from manufacturing and logistics are contracted out, the facilities previously used are removed from an organization’s balance sheet. Since a product is no longer made or assembled in these factories there is no purpose to maintain them and the distribution that once took place is now outsourced. This frees up capital funds, allowing it to become more available to an organization’s core functions. When an organization’s current assets are no longer needed they sell them. All of the equipment, facilities, vehicles, and licenses are usually sold to the service provider at book value. Either way an organization still ends up with an infusion of cash, or the capital investment is reduced. C. Indirect Benefits Indirect benefits are not as easy to define and usually come as an unexpected surprise. When achieved these benefits have a subtle effect on the company’s bottom line. Some of these benefits can be found when searching for core competencies. During the search the outsourced operations managed are outlined and an organization begins to take a closer look at engineered operations, planning, and scheduling. By doing this the end result is a better grasp of accountability and root cause of analysis, which in turn is an improvement on the core functions indirectly. After a successful outsourcing implementation is in place, the organization will be able to offer new services and capabilities due to the increase in performance. The increase in performance is due to the forms of shorter lead times and the reduction in the landed cost to the customer. The organization will find they have access to new business resources and personnel helping them to engage and form new beneficial relationships. It will also lead to the discovery of valuable information that can be studied and put to use within the organization. This results from the documentation of business process and their costs revolving inherent with the outsourcing implantation. D. Summary of Advantages Overall when the advantages of outsourcing are laid out it is easy to see that an organization can have a lot to gain by doing or planning to outsource. Before any organization makes the decision to outsource it needs to take into account the effects it will have on its customers and employees. As with any business process there are risks involved, and there is always the possibility of failure, but with the proper research, a reliable partner, and the right approach the benefits from outsourcing can help an organization to reach its true potential of success. V. Disadvantage of Outsourcing Although the advantages of outsourcing are extremely appealing, an organization must also examine the flip side of the process be making the final decision whether or not to outsource. The disadvantages will give the organization an opportunity to think about what it is really getting itself into and once again reassure it if outsourcing will be the right way to go. A. Outsource Provide When an organization chooses to outsource they will be turning over part of its business operations to another company. Not only will the business functions itself be in the hands of someone else, but the organization will become tied to the financial well-being of that company. If for some reason the outsourcing company goes bankrupt the organization will have to immediately move the processes in-house or find another provider, which in turn could costs them lots of money and time. Another issue to factor in when choosing an outsource provider is who else do they provide to and are they trustworthy? Since the outsourcing provider is most likely catering to the needs of several companies they may not be one hundred percent devoted to the organization, especially if they are receiving a greater payout from another company. Trust is a huge issue when trying to choose an outsource provider. The life of an organization depends on the information it possess to keep it up and running. There are security factors with payroll, medical records, and any other confidential information that is likely to be transmitted and available to the outsource provider. Information about company data and knowledge that have led to its success must also be taken into account. There is the risk that the confidentiality may be compromised and an organization needs to protect themselves and their data. A penalty clause within a contract is an option, but also the option of leaking only necessary information is another route. Either way the choice in the outsource provider can bare a huge risk to the success of the operation itself and the organization’s image if an incident were to occur. This is the greatest disadvantage in outsourcing. B. Lacking in Customer Service Another disadvantage a company might face when choosing to outsource is the lack of attention to customer service details. By outsourcing an organization will begin to focus its attention on the business process that is being outsourced and in turn may forget about its duty to cater to the needs of its valuable customers. This can also lead to a lack of internal and external customer focus. Since customer service outsourcing is on the rise an organization may also want to consider the risks involved in doing so. Most of the outsourcing of customer service jobs is based out of foreign countries. Large corporations such as credit card companies, shopping networks, and computer manufacturers are making this changed. The problem behind this is the communication barrier. It can be very frustrating for a consumer who is calling in with a customer service issue when this individual cannot understand the customer service representative they are speaking with. In the end this just causes more frustration and does little to solve the problem at hand. Organizations cannot forget that their customers are what attribute to their success and ability to stay in business. The focus on a customer’s needs, feelings, and attitudes cannot be overlooked. C. Loss of Control Many organizations that choose to outsource particular functions may experience or feel a loss of control over the process. When signing a contract to have another company perform the functions of an entire department or single task, the organization is turning the management and control of that function over to that company. Although there is a contract in place the managerial control will ultimately belong to another company. It must be recognized that the outsourcing provider will not be driven by the same standards and missions that drives the organization seeking their assistance. They instead will be driven to make a profit from the services that they are providing to the organization and other organizations that also use them as an outsource provider. The end result is the frustration and difficulty to manage the offshore provider when comparing the managing processes within the organization. This frustration can also be found in other disadvantages resulting from the lack of control such as; renewing contracts misunderstand of the contract, lack of communication, poor quality, and delayed services amongst others. Any organization planning to outsource must be prepared for these consequences and disadvantages that can arise. They must organize a plan to overcome them, otherwise the result of outsourcing will led to failure, costing the organization time, money, and an unnecessary hassle. VI. Current Changes in Outsourcing As mentioned earlier, outsourcing has been around long before the term was ever recognized or defined: Trucking companies were used instead of a company having its own fleet. Public warehouses were used instead of employing bricks and mortar to build a company-owned building. Freight payment services paid bills and collected data. So now that organizations are becoming acquainted with the ever increasing familiar term what has evolved with outsourcing? With the growth and amount of functions placed outside firms outsourcing has led to the creation of new businesses with 4PLs and 3PLs. In the beginning the functions being outsourced were often those that represented non-core and non-vital activities, or some other determinant where the company did not want to invest its own resources, capital, people, technology and facilities. Now outsourcing is seen as a strategic way to align the supply chain within the organization. This helps the organization to become a leading-edge practitioner and is also recognized as a tactical way to better manage service and costs. Offshore outsourcing has become an ever increasing popular activity and global sourcing is seen as a competitive requirement if the organization wants to stay afloat in the business world. This business change has been a driver in supply chain management evolving into a global function and in the outsourcing of the import supply chain. Global sourcing has created an extended supply chain, as to distance and time, which has a menu of supplier and logistics demands. Directing the offshore supply chain, as to costs, performance, inventory, visibility, collaboration, integration and agility is an imperative for corporate success. To effectively manage the offshore supply chain, as to suppliers, logistics service providers and their coordinated integration from vendor door to final delivery location, has caused organizations to assess the utilization of outsourced logistics providers, either 3PL or 4PL. Some organizations have seized this outsource opportunity to transform their total import supply chain. They see this transformation as a way to compress cycle time and decrease inventory levels. Others have focused on arranging the transportation parts as outsourced needs. Overall outsourcing has taken some great turns over the years and has increased both its popularity and success. The use of outsourcing can be a huge advantage as to whether or not an organization has competitive advantage in the market. VII. Outsourcing Works! Outsourcing does work and can provide many ways to cut costs and increase an organization’s business. Today, thousands of organizations are reaping tremendous business benefits by outsourcing functions not related to their core competencies. As stated before there is always a risk of failure involved with any business process, but the overall advantages of outsourcing far outweigh the disadvantages. Before outsourcing an organization must take in the interests of their customers and employees and find a reliable provider.

Women in black free essay sample

Below is a free essay on How does Susan Hill create atmosphere and tension in The Woman in Black? from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Susan Hill’s ‘The Woman in Black’ is a popular ghost story where the scene is set in the typical gothic atmosphere, with unexplainable happenings taking place in an isolated location. The author creates tension by using the gothic imagery like dark, mysterious settings, weird characters and places with strange names. The title of the novel itself is symbolic, as black clothes are representative of the gothic genre. As the author herself indicates, one of the main ‘ingredients’ of a full length ghost story in the traditional English style, is the central character in this case the narrator of the story, Arthur Kipps – who is portrayed as â€Å"a sceptic or plain disbeliever and scoffer but who is gradually converted by what he or she sees and experiences of ghostly presences. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in black or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † The atmosphere is set using several gothic clichà ©s such as the churchyard, the funeral, the remote and mysterious Eel Marsh House, the ruins of an ancient chapel and the walls of an old burial ground, cold and damp weather, the mist, or the mysterious Woman in Black with her pale, wasted face, dressed all in black clothes. Many of these gothic elements are often described using various figures of speech. Hill starts to build the suspense when Arthur Kipps refers to a tragic experience from his past, â€Å"a true story, a story of haunting and evil, fear and confusion, horror and tragedy. But it was not a story to be told for casual entertainment, around the fireside upon Christmas Eve.† The reader’s attention is captivated by contrasts between a good meal and a glass of wine, the calm, comfortable room in the inn, the â€Å"sensation of slipping down, down into the welcoming arms of sleep, surrounded by warmth and softness, happy and secure as a small child in the nursery† , and the growing tension caused by the strange, reluctant reaction of people when they find out why Kipps came to Crythin Gifford. They all go quiet and refuse to talk about the mysterious Eel Marsh.

BOBOs In Paradise review essays

BOBOs In Paradise review essays What is a BOBO? Is it a clown? An obscure bird? An Acronym? Well, a BOBO is what David Brooks, author of BOBOS In Paradise, calls a bourgeois bohemian. A BOBO is what you would call the upper class of today. In his book, Brooks defines a BOBO and provides detailed information on what a BOBO does, how a BOBO lives, and where a BOBO plays. So, we know from the jacket that a BOBO is a Bourgeois Bohemian, but what exactly does that mean? Brooks explains in his book that a Bohemian Bourgeois (BOBO) is a fusion of the Bohemians of the 1960s and the Bourgeois of the 1980s. From a glance, one could say that the Bohemians greatly opposed the ideals of the Bourgeois and therefore, a BOBO would be a messy contradiction. To a certain degree this is true, however, Brooks explains that a BOBO is a happy medium between both classes, drawing upon the principles of materialism, productivity, and regularity of the bourgeois, and the ideals of creativity, rebellion and self-expression of the bohemians. A BOBO is both bohemian and bourgeois, but major conflicts of interest are eliminated or overlooked. Brooks uses an excellent methodology to explain his analysis of the BOBO. The beginnings of the book explain the history of classes in post-war America, paying special attention to the Bohemians of the 60s and the Bourgeois of the 80s. From there, Brooks describes how the BOBO came to be. The rest of the book is divided into chapters each explaining the lifestyle and habits of the BOBO, and analyzing why the BOBO does what he does. From religion, to leisure, to business, Brooks describes nearly every aspect of the life of the BOBO. Brooks uses an array of sources and evidence to bring his point home. Throughout the book, he cites important books and essays written on social class (such as The Feminine Mystique), and these citations help the reader to follow what past theorists have commented on about class, and how they apply to the BOBO way of ...

Buy Literary Analysis Essay Online and Learn a Lot, Saving Efforts

Buy Literary Analysis Essay Online and Learn a Lot, Saving Efforts Buy Literary Analysis Essay Online It is rather tricky to write an analysis essay effectively. You have got a task with a specified phenomenon or issue and you are supposed to do your analysis from your individual perspective. It is not only about writing, it is about investigating, discovery, and presenting an original idea. Does it sound easy? Not at all! However, there is an option to buy literary analysis essay online and then reflect on the possibility to produce the following assignments using this excellent paper as a bright. What you should note is that general ideas are insufficient for this type of writing, as it requires evidence and direct analysis of the subject matter. Your research cannot be shallow; instead, your professor expects you to be competent in the subject and demonstrate your ability to do in-depth research. Have you ever seen a great? You are definitely diligent in your studies, so we recommend you to search for such an example and think whether you can cope with all the requirements and whether the purpose of the project is understandable for you. You have to be logical and reasonable in all your judgments and you also have to apply your skills of analytical thinking. You have been hesitating and not your answer is negative. It is not surprising at all, as the task requires too much from a student. Various online platforms of essay and research writing offer their services to those students who do not dare to do the task themselves. However, is the best service for you as we have experts who specialize in literary analysis essay writing and take care of your academic performance and level of confidence! So, if you: are hesitant whether analytical tasks are doable are not sure in the level of your writing skills are too overwhelmed with other projects and course assignments worry about your grades and do not want to fail, you are our client for sure! You will place your first order at and get rid of all your doubts about using our services. Cooperation with the writing team at our website is a pleasure you should definitely try. Learn how to do a literary analysis assignment with our help and be excellent at your studies. Fundamentals of Analysis Writing There can be different examination focuses in the papers that demand analytical skills from the students, and it may be challenging for you to get the idea of how to do that right. There is scary variety of requirements, structure standards, and specific aspects that depend on the essay topic, and the students may be discouraged even to try. However, all their problems can be resolved with a single wave of the hand. That is to say, a single click on the ‘order’ button will change your life and bring you a bunch of positive emotions even on the gloomiest day. Your order at will make you a loyal client of a professional company specialized at saving students from challenges and academic problems. Nevertheless, if you want to test your skills and get an answer to a question, ‘What is a literary analysis task?’ from your own experience, we will support you as well. Have a look at the overview of the key topics analytical essays may have and study the main aspect s you will need while writing. Advert Analysis Investigate a particular ad and ask a number of questions that you will address later on, working on your own writing strategy. Think over the following questions, for example, what is the intended impact of the advertisement on the targeted audience? Who is included in the intended audience? How does the product appeal to the audience? What are the means this ad uses for successful presentation? Remember that any course is possible with the professional help from. Character Analysis Studying how to write a literary analysis, the students may get a task to do character analysis on the basis of the book, movie, poem, or any other source. You have to be well aware of the plot and the context to be effective at analysis. Professional writers always do efficient descriptions as they provide all the evidence with citations and relevant facts. We also contrast the characters on the basis of analysis and your project will look well-thought and relevant. Literary Analysis Reading a piece of literature can be a pleasure, but will you say so about doing its analysis? We can help you with that and you will not spoil the impression you have with a difficult task to do. having provided all the explanations, descriptions, and plot investigations, we will guarantee that the paper will be outstanding.Poetry Analysis It may seem that analysis of a poem is the easiest type of literary analysis essays. However, after some reflections over the rhyme peculiar features, specifics of the metrical foot and context, you will probably prefer to get someone’s help. Buy literary analysis essay online from and you will be safe and sound with all your assignments. Film Analysis Is there anything you dislike in a particular movie? Can you share your impression after watching the last film so that your readers would like to watch it as well? Your movie critique paper can bring a number of challenges you would never think about. Trust our professionalism and let us help you! Analyze the required movie Give explanations of all peculiar features of the brightest episodes Do investigation of the movie settings and costumes Analyze the main idea of the movie We have hired movie experts who have an unofficial status of a genius! They will show you how excellent they can be at writing for you. Rhetorical Analysis Essay Writing This is one of the most professional types of analysis papers. You have to focus on the relationships between the author and the audience, communicative techniques the author uses, and the text mood. Your competence in rhetorical tools will be assessed by the professor. However, you have a chance to stop bothering and address all the issues to experts! Literary Analysis The Holocaust is a terrible phenomenon that hardly left anyone indifferent in the entire world. Many artists depicted it and its consequences on their canvas while many writers created breathtaking stories basing on the events that took place during the period of the Holocaust or simply taking this phenomenon as the main plot line of their books. A German judge and law professor Bernhard Schlink is one of such authors. His incredibly deep and touching novel titled â€Å"The Reader† shows how difficult it appeared for the post-war German generation to comprehend the Holocaust. In his book, the author reveals a crucial theme that appears to be the main one in the novel – the theme of guilt. Reading the novel carefully, one can notice that the author tries to show that the nature of the Holocaust is a source of guilt that involves as many people as possible. As one can see, there were almost no people who could stay aside of it. The main representative of this theme is Hanna due to the fact that she becomes one of the foot-soldiers of the Holocaust. Though she was not an active agent of the Holocaust and after the end of the war such people were claimed to be innocent because of not being on the same level as Goebbels and Hitler, she still bears responsibility for her actions. Making Hanna the one who is guilty, Schlink shows that any person who participated in the Holocaust is guilty to lesser or more extent since, instead of it, he or she could choose the path of resistance. Hanna realizes her guilt; this statement is supported with the quote by Hanna when she says to the judge in the trial â€Å"What would you do?† (122). Becoming the guard in the camp is a decision that was made by the central character with the aim to disguise her illiteracy. In this way, Hanna ´s personal failure led to numerous deaths of innocent people. In fact, when Hanna learns how to write and read, she is conquered by guilt and the feeling of remorse. The important point is that Hanna managed to overcome her illiteracy and learn to read and write, but she could not hide from her guilt. Through this paradox, the Bernhard Schlink attempted to show that readers how important it is to be in charge of one ´s actions and consequences to which they lead. However, Hanna is not the only one who becomes a victim of own guilt. Michael faces the issue of guilt as well; at the end of the novel, he faces the truth that he did not do everything he could to change Hanna ´s life for better. He even did not talk to her when he saw her in the court and did not write letters to her even though he knew that she could read already. The point is that in her attempt to obscure her illiteracy, the woman lies, and Michael watches it doing nothing to prevent her from it. Thus, making no attempts to contact Hanna during all the time while she is in prison is a wrong action by Michael and leads him to guilt. The way in which the author presented the emotional development of Hanna and Michael makes readers admit that there is too little room for decent precision and complete judgments. Making all main characters of the novel guilty for something to a certain extent, the author Bernhard Schlink makes hints that sometimes it appears rather difficult for people to define good and bad, right and wrong. As a result, they do some things that lead to negative results; however, they do not even imagine the power of their actions and the consequences to which they may lead. Perhaps, reading the novel, some readers will not simply judge Michael and Hanna for their hasty and disastrous actions and decisions, but will also find themselves in these characters. Probably, many of the readers made if not such but at least alike mistakes choosing a wrong path of their lives. Realizing it, one can understand that the key message that the author intended to communicate to his readers through the theme of guilt was that people should be more attentive to what they do since each step and each word has its outcome that may bring a lot of pain to someone. Undoubtedly, all people make mis takes, and it is a norm of life since no one is perfect. However, everyone should bear responsibility for what he or she does. Taking into consideration the above conducted analysis, one can see how maturely the German judge and law professor depicted all the tragedy of the Holocaust through the theme of guilt and the plot line that revealed the intimate relationship between Michael and Hanna. Schlink showed everything he could in his novel, including the Holocaust itself, the mistakes people made at the time due to various reasons, personal tragedies that led to mistakes or became the outcomes of them, and the great tragedy for the entire nation that is known as the Holocaust. Mistakes are a good teacher since making them people see what they do wrong and have a chance to avoid the same mistakes in the future. However, it is a big question whether a mistake can be considered useful when it results in a great number of deaths. Purchase the Best Papers at! Buy literary analysis essay online from is you are a university or college student! We provide unique projects that will make you satisfied or refine the projects you have started for submission. With us, you will get rid of all the stresses of academic assignments!

Postsecret Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Postsecret - Essay Example ?t want to go to college; I want to grow shit.’ These pictures are linked to the theme of self esteem which they depict in each of these individuals. Self esteem can be described as how one feels about themselves. Possessing little Regard for one can affect ones general life and even how they view the world (Mc Kay 53). Low self esteem can lead to depression and as a result fall short of their potential (Clarke 60). The belief people have about themselves often appeared to be statements of facts though they are actually only opinions (Schiraldi, 2007). Decision making also depends majorly on how much we value our self since it affects our thinking also becomes biased. Childhood and adolescent stages are always the most affected stages in individual’s life (Clarke 55). The rules of living enable one to function in the world as long as you go by them (Clarke 68). For instance, if you believe you are stupid, your rule of living will automatically be, better not† try†. Since failure is the only possible outcome and the other peers will make you a laughing stock. Therefore, because people live in a diversified society with lots of people, new things and challenges to meet, everyone has to set their own standards. Once this is done, one is able to measure their potential and strive to achieve the goals that bring self-fulfillment to them. The feeling of accomplishing one’s goals can make one to have self-esteem. Otherwise, one would be despaired. In the second picture, the adolescent had bump in right in the face, at a point that he had no way of stopping anyone from noticing it. Since not everyone gets to have this, it tended to draw unnecessary attention towards him giving him a feeling of discomfort. Consequently, his self esteem went down thus ruining his 7th and even 8th grade, creating long time of loneliness and mind destabilization (Fennell 91). The swelling made criticize himself, due to fear of judgment he might have avoided activities that involve